國際AOAC《實驗室管理》雜志2014年第一期（Inside Laboratory Management Jan/Feb 2014）對我校雙聘院士龐國芳榮獲2014年度哈維·威利獎進行了報道，現(xiàn)全文轉(zhuǎn)載如下：

每年，AOAC都宣布一名哈維·威利獎得主，不僅為作出開創(chuàng)性貢獻的科學家頒發(fā)榮譽，而且也回顧分析化學領(lǐng)域乃至整個食品和環(huán)境安全領(lǐng)域某位作出貢獻的科學家人生跨度中發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。往年從來沒有像今年的哈維·威利獎得主這么突出，他就是龐國芳，獲得了AOAC 2014年度最高科學榮譽哈維·威利獎。

龐國芳是20世紀四五十年代成長起來的中國農(nóng)民的兒子。他成為村里第一個考上中學（等同于美國的高中）的學生，此前甚至連電燈都沒見過。50多年后，他主持研究了一系列檢測技術(shù)，從而使中國的蜂蜜、雞肉和糙米在國際市場獲得認可，同時，他成功組織了三次AOAC協(xié)同研究，三項技術(shù)研制成AOAC公定方法。最近又研發(fā)了氣相色譜-四極桿-飛行時間質(zhì)譜和液相色譜-四極桿-飛行時間質(zhì)譜方法，采用一次制備水果和蔬菜樣品，同時測定多達1138種農(nóng)藥殘留和其他污染物。

龐國芳的人生之路并非坦途。他非凡的職業(yè)生涯始于勤奮刻苦的工作，始于母親的人生教導，還有他承認他也曾是年級成績最差的學生之一。

那年他11歲，剛剛讀完了小學四年級，當時在中國分成初小和高小學制。他通過翻譯說，在升高小時，由學校統(tǒng)一將全年級學生考試成績，從高分到低分張榜公布于墻報欄里，最后一名還要打上一個用毛筆畫的大紅鉤。他說：同學們戲稱是“扛紅榜”的。

那一年，張榜公布的那天，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟然“扛紅榜”了。“我覺得臉漲得發(fā)燙，心怦怦跳，身上冒出了大汗，這是我人生中第一次知道什么是害羞”。盡管分數(shù)墊底，但他還是被允許升入高小。他說：“我還是幸運者”。

升入高小后，一個叫高鳳興的老師開始給他授課。這位老師的教學風格注重實際應用，因此激發(fā)了這個11歲孩子的想象力。龐說：“從此我的學習成績和過去相比已判若兩人”。

同時，農(nóng)村生活還是以農(nóng)活為主。秋收時，學校放3個禮拜的假期，所有不同年齡的學生都到田地里幫助干活。當大人們收割莊稼時，龐的主要任務就是撿拾丟在田里的秸稈，用來生火做飯和燒熱“火炕”過冬御寒取暖。

最初，對龐來說這只是一樁農(nóng)活兒，但是到后來他起得愈來愈早，這樣才能給家里撿更多的秸稈。到假期結(jié)束時，也就是那個他有了新老師并且培養(yǎng)了日漸成熟職業(yè)道德的關(guān)鍵一年，他撿到了那么多的秸稈，足夠一冬燒飯還有富余。他的父母說：“咱這一冬享福了”。

他從母親那學到的另外一課是，保留好舊作業(yè)本，而不是像“狗熊掰棒子”一樣扔掉。他說這樣做，可以溫故知新，看到自己的進步。

他說中國古代有句名言：“以己為鏡，可以知功過”，這樣可以促進自己學業(yè)的進步。

1957年龐考上了初中，成為全村第一個中學生。為了上中學，他來到了一個離家20公里的小鎮(zhèn)。在那里，他再一次顯示出性格剛強的一面。一個寒冷的冬天，他負責的一項任務是定期更換粉筆寫的黑板報。這項任務耗時冗長，他的手被凍得無法握住粉筆，只好和另一個同學輪流書寫。曾經(jīng)有兩次他的手被凍傷，但是他像一個好記者一樣，從來沒有耽擱過。

與此同時，1961年初中畢業(yè)時，他的一篇作文被評選為9個畢業(yè)班（約500人）中最佳作文，他寫的一首詩歌還在當?shù)仉s志上刊登，他說：當時同學們送給我一個外號“小作家”，我也曾夢想有一天能成為一名記者。

但是1963年高中畢業(yè)時，比他年長十歲的哥哥（在一家化工廠做管理者）勸他重新考慮，是否學習理工科。當時，龐從來沒見過化工廠，也沒有多少機會做化學實驗，但最后還是接受了哥哥的規(guī)勸。他說：我在考大學申請志愿中填寫了“化學系”。

當時上大學絕非是一件易事。1963年，龐的同年級畢業(yè)生共有4個班200人，只有16人考上了大學。當時學校的一名教導主任和一名體育老師，騎了20公里的自行車，親自將入取通知書送到他的家。龐說：“我們?nèi)胰烁吲d得不得了”。他成了村里有史以來第二個大學生。

考上的學校是河北大學，當時坐落在中國的第三大城市天津。去天津本身就是一次不平常的旅程：首先步行4公里，然后坐兩小時的公汽，最后第一次坐上了火車，駛往“充滿新奇的世界”，這個世界是他多半個人生中的學術(shù)之家。

新奇的世界，一開始是去參觀一家合成纖維廠。這個初露頭角的化學家，觀看了從噴嘴中噴出的錦綸纖維絲（一種中國的合成纖維）。龐說：“過去我僅知道，我們穿的衣服都是自家種的棉花，母親用棉花紡線織成布再做衣服穿。看到這樣新奇的化學織布原料……感到神奇無比。”這是他第一次親身體驗他選擇為自己發(fā)展方向的領(lǐng)域。

1964年，他還獲得了一次參觀當?shù)剡M出口商品檢驗局的機會。帶他們?nèi)⒂^的是一位化學分析方面的教授。有人告訴龐，檢驗報告有他的手簽，國外客商都認可。他說：“我聽了心里立刻肅然起敬，并且感到我們學的化學太神圣了，用處太大了。”

龐用19年實現(xiàn)了當年在進出口商品檢驗局感到的使命召喚。在此期間，他于文革的后期在鄉(xiāng)下待了兩年，然后調(diào)回大學執(zhí)教有機化學，并且參與研制火車閘瓦和汽車剎閘片。他還自學了（書面）英語，并且開始將英文版《物理化學》譯成中文。

與此同時，隨著他開始為畢業(yè)學生設計創(chuàng)新科研任務，“教學相長”逐漸成為他的座右銘。他指導了幾屆畢業(yè)設計，但改變其一生的那個畢業(yè)設計是與食品衛(wèi)生有關(guān)的。

1980年，經(jīng)過多次的調(diào)研，他了解到一些中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口，因一些衛(wèi)生項目不合格，出口遇到了阻力。他說：“比如中國的大閘蟹，因砷超標被國外拒收”。所以，他決定把這個問題作為學生畢業(yè)論文選題。在給學生做課題設計時，他沒有選擇通用的原子吸收技術(shù)和紫外光譜技術(shù)，而是選擇了一種他主持開發(fā)的微庫侖滴定新技術(shù)，使學生的畢業(yè)論文實現(xiàn)了新的突破，也突出體現(xiàn)了龐對“教學相長”的個人理解。

他注意到，教師不可能預知學生們研究的最后結(jié)果，有的設計有時進展順利，而有時不順利。他說：“如果課題開展不順利，學生常常會對老師的課題設計提出一連串的疑問。這時，特別需要老師對設計的方案，有深厚的背景資料。要善于從學生的問題中，打開新思路，特別需要獨辟蹊徑”。他說，必須對學生的這些問題抱著開放的心態(tài)，而不是對原設計處處辯護，這樣可以“從另一個角度把課題研究引向深入，而不是被困難、被問題遮住雙眼從而束手無策”。

1982年，龐離開學習和工作了20年的大學，被派遣到秦皇島出入境檢驗檢疫局工作。自1985年起（在經(jīng)歷簡短的礦石檢驗后），他一直從事農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和食品檢驗，特別是農(nóng)藥和獸藥殘留檢測。一干就是近30年，其間，主要成就如下所示：

研發(fā)了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中擬除蟲菊酯類農(nóng)藥多殘留AOAC官方檢測方法。

研發(fā)了肉雞中氯羥吡啶（獸藥）殘留AOAC官方檢測方法。

研發(fā)了多個檢測中國蜂蜜中300種潛在農(nóng)藥殘留方法，包括一項穩(wěn)定碳同位素方法，證明“中國蜂蜜真實的來源于中國的蜜源植物”。

研發(fā)了中國第一個高通量、一次制樣同時測定1000多種農(nóng)藥殘留的方法。

組織有11個國家和地區(qū)30個國際實驗室參加的高通量檢測茶葉中653種農(nóng)藥多殘留的AOAC協(xié)同研究。

同時，主編食品安全檢測技術(shù)中英文專著8部，發(fā)表論文100多篇。除了遵循AOAC模式之外，他還把自己今天的成就歸功于他的團隊和協(xié)作。他說：“一個人的腦子不夠，要擴大；一個人的手臂不夠，要加長。要組建團隊，既要有國內(nèi)團隊，也要有國際團隊。”

1970年，龐與學醫(yī)的大夫結(jié)婚，她既是妻子，也是龐的保健醫(yī)生，他們一直過著一種安靜的生活。龐說：“今年我雖然已經(jīng)70歲了，但仍然工作在第一線，妻子仍是最強有力的支持者”。

2014年9月，龐將在美國佛羅里達州博卡拉頓市，召開的第128次AOAC年會暨展覽會上，發(fā)表哈維·威利獎獲獎演講。

 

Pang Wins 2014 Wiley Award

Each year, the announcement of AOAC’s Harvey W. Wiley Award provides an opportunity not only to honor a groundbreaking scientist but to reflect on how the field of analytical chemistry—and the overall world of food and environmental safety regulation—has changed during the lifespan of one of the people who helped change it. Never has this been more evident than for this year’s recipient, Guo-Fang Pang, who has won this year’s highest scientific honor from AOAC.

The son of peasant farmers growing up in rural China in the 1940s and ‘50s, Pang didn’t even see a light bulb until he became his village’s first student to graduate to middle school (the Chinese equivalent of U.S. high school). More than 50 years later, he’s spearheading a testing program that has helped get Chinese honey, chicken, brown rice, and tea approved by world markets, has led three AOAC collaborative studies, and established three AOAC Official Methods. Recently, he developed GC-Q-TOF/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS methods for the simultaneous detection of as many as 1138 pesticide residues and other contaminants in single samples of fruits and vegetables.

It wasn’t an easy journey. Pang’s remarkable career began in hard work, a mother’s life lessons…and, he admits, he was once one of the students with the worst grade in the class.

The latter came when he was 11, having just completed the first 4 years of elementary school, which in China is divided between levels known as Elementary Junior and Elementary Senior. To graduate into the senior level, he says, a test was required, with grades posted from highest to lowest—the lowest marked in red. “My classmates called it [being] ‘red-listed,’” he says.

And who, that year, discovered that he was red-listed? “I felt my face burning hot, and my heart beating pit-a-pat,” Pang says. “I was sweating all over. For the first time in my life, I realized what shame was.” But somehow, he was permitted to advance despite the low score. “I was the lucky guy,” he says.

Advancement brought him under the tutelage of a man named Feng-Xing Gao, who captured the 11-year-old’s imagination with a teaching style focused on problem-solving. “I became a totally different person,” Pang says.

Meanwhile, village life centered around farming, and the harvest entailed a 3-week break from classes when students of all ages helped in the fields. While the adults harvested grain, Pang’s task was to gather leftover stalks for use as fuel for cooking and for warming bricks for a heatable “brick bed” that protected from the winter chill.

Initially, it was just a chore, but by the end, Pang was getting up earlier and earlier so he could maximize his contribution to the home. By the time the holiday ends, that crucial year that mixed a new teacher with a developing academic ethic, he’d gathered so many stalks there were more than needed. “[We] had a very good winter,”  his parents say.

Another lesson he got from his mother was to retain his old lesson books, rather than discard them “like a bear breaking off corncobs.” That way, he says, you can mark your progress by comparing old work to new work.

“An ancient Chinese saying goes, ‘To have oneself as a mirror, one will learn the merits or weaknesses of one’s own self,’” he says. In so doing, one could improve his/her studies.

In 1957, Pang was admitted to a middle school and thus became the first middle school student in his village. The school was located in a small town 20 km from home. There, he again revealed his stubbornness when, during a cold winter, one of his duties was the periodic updating of a chalk-written “wall newspaper.” The task was lengthy enough that his hands became so cold he couldn’t hold the chalk and had to trade off with a classmate. Twice he got frostbitten fingers, but like a good journalist, he never failed to meet his deadline.

Meanwhile, by the time he was about to graduate from the middle school in 1961, one of his school essays was picked as best of the year among all the 9 graduating classes ( about 500 students) and he even had a poem published in a local journal.   “I was nicknamed ‘little writer,’” he says. “I dreamed that one day I would become a news reporter.”

But science grabbed him about the time of he graduated high school in 1963, when his decade-older brother (who’d achieved renown working for a chemical plant) urged him to reconsider. At the time, Pang had never seen a chemical plant or had much opportunity to do chemical experiments, but took the advice. “I wrote ‘Department of Chemistry’ on my application for college,” he says.

Back in 1963, getting into college was by no means an easy task. In Pang’s 4 classes of 200, only 16 made it. However, an admission letter was hand-delivered to his house…by an administrator and a physical education teacher who bicycled 20 km to present it. “My entire family burst with joy,” Pang says. He was the second college student ever produced by his village in history.

“College” was Hebei University in Tianjin, the third largest city in China. Getting there itself would be an adventure: starting with a 4-km walk, followed by a 2-hour bus ride, and Pang’s first 6-hour train ride to “a world full of adventures” that would be his academic home for much of his life.

The adventure began with a visit to a synthetic textile plant where the budding chemist watched chinlon fiber (a type of Chinese synthetic) being spun out of a nozzle. “I only knew clothes made from cotton grown in our fields,” Pang says. “Mother used to spin it and weave it into cloth. Such wonderful chemical fabrics…I felt it like magic.” It was his first introduction to the field he’d chosen to make his own.

In 1964, he had an opportunity to tour the local import-export inspection bureau, guided by an analytical chemistry professor whose export certifications, he was told, were relied on by foreign customers. “I stood in awe,” he says, “and felt that the chemistry we were studying was sacred and useful.”

After which it took Pang 19 years to fulfill the calling he felt at the import-export bureau. In the interim, he spent 2 years in the countryside in the late years of the Cultural Revolution, and then was recalled to the university to teach organic chemistry and help develop brake linings for cars and trains. He also taught himself (written) English and began translating Physical Chemistry (English version) into Chinese.

At the same time, “teaching is learning” began to become his mantra, as he started assigning innovative research tasks to his graduating students. There were a number of these projects, but the one that changed his life had to do with food hygiene.

In 1980, having investigated for many times, he’d come to realize that some Chinese products were facing export difficulties due to other countries’ import rules. “For instance, Chinese hairy crabs were rejected by foreign customers because of arsenics,” he says.

So, he put his students on the crab project, suggesting that they attempt a microcoulomb titration technique of his own development, rather than the then-prevalent atomic absorption and UV spectrometry methods. The result was a breakthrough that also highlighted Pang’s own understanding of how teachers and students can best interact.

Teachers, he notes, can’t predict the results of their students work. Sometimes a project would work…and sometimes not. “If it failed to go smoothly, students would often ask a battery of questions, and teachers needed to have profound background materials and should open up new thoughts, especially off the beaten track,” he says. Being open to these questions, rather than becoming defensive of the original plan, he says, can lead to deeper insights “from another perspective, instead of being bogged down and blindfolded by the questions.”

In 1982, Pang’s study and work in college drew to an end after 20 years, and he was dispatched  to the Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, where, since 1985 (after a brief stint working with metal ores), he’s been inspecting agricultural products and foodstuffs for nearly 30 years, with a particular eye to veterinary drugs and pesticide residues. Leading accomplishments with AOAC concerns have been:

Development of an AOAC method for determination multiresidue pesticides of synthetic pyrethroids in agricultural products

Development of an AOAC method for monitoring clopidol (a veterinary drug) in chicken.

Development of methods for more than 300 potential pesticide residues in Chinese honey, including a stable carbon isotope method to prove that “Chinese” honey actually comes from Chinese flowers.

Development of China’s first high-throughput method for the simultaneous determination of more than 1000 pesticide residues in agricultural?products.

Organization of an AOAC collaborative study for high-throughput analysis of over 653 pesticide residues in teas,in which 30 international laboratories from 11 countries and regions were represented.

In addition,pang has had eight technical works on food safety published by domestic and international press,and a total of over 100 papers published. In keeping with the AOAC model, he also credits success to teamwork and collaboration. “A single brain is not enough and should be enlarged,” he says.“A single person’s hands and arms are not long enough and should be lengthened. A team should be established—both a domestic one and an international one.”

Pang got married with a lady doctor majoring in medicine in 1970, who is not only Pang’s wife but also his “private” health physician.  They continue a quiet life. “I am 70 years old this year, but still working at the front line, and my wife is still my strongest supporter” he says.

Pang will deliver the Wiley Award Address at the 128th AOAC Annual Meeting and Exposition in September 2014, in Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

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